What is correctional pedagogy, where and how to get an education in this specialty? What is correctional pedagogy in primary education? Methods in correctional pedagogy

This specialty is not for everyone, but the specialty is extremely necessary and in demand. Here, in addition to basic pedagogical knowledge, you will need skills to replace deficiencies in a child’s development, an individual approach to each student, taking into account all his characteristics. This is work with “special” children who have physical or mental problems. They need not only training and education, but also treatment. It is especially important for them to be able to adapt to the environment and learn to live in society. These are children with Down syndrome, autism, mental retardation, attention deficit disorder, cerebral palsy, hearing and vision impairment, and many other problems.

Employment Opportunities

Various public and private educational institutions for children with sensory impairments, boarding schools, kindergartens. Also, centers for social assistance to families, development and rehabilitation centers. A special education teacher may be on the staff of a school that has a special education class or a home-schooling school.

Deadlines for submitting documents

for full-time study: from April 1 to August 15; if there are vacancies - until December 1
for remote form: from April 1 to October 1; if there are vacancies - until December 1

Advantages of studying at our college full-time

College graduates have the opportunity to enter the Moscow Institute of Psychoanalysis for a shortened period of study in the following areas: Psychology, Special (defectological) education; teachers of key disciplines simultaneously work in college and university
students undergo intensive practice in schools in Moscow and the region
rich student life: festive events, participation in student conferences, competitions, volunteer work, excursions, free additional classes

ENTRANCE TESTS

NO/ Unified State Exam results are not required

Advantages of distance learning at our college

obtaining vocational education with the qualification “Primary school teacher and primary school teacher of compensatory and correctional and developmental education” without leaving the main job
the opportunity to study at any convenient time through your personal account on the InStudy on-line platform
standard form of state diploma
reduced tuition fees

02/44/05 Corrective pedagogy in primary education

Being a children's teacher is a special profession, calling and gift. But correctional pedagogy is rightfully considered the “aerobatics” of pedagogy all over the world. This is an extremely delicate area of training and education, in which not everyone, even a very good teacher, is capable of becoming a real specialist. These people are given the right and they are also entrusted with a gigantic responsibility, without hurting the defenseless, fragile and vulnerable child’s soul, to teach a child “not like everyone else” to live in our very difficult world.

Corrective pedagogy is a complex, comprehensive specialty that, in addition to theoretical information about psychology and teaching methods, is based on serious practical experience in interacting with children who have health problems or mental development disorders. The work of a correctional teacher consists not only of teaching primary school students a number of general educational information, but also of nurturing the child’s visual perception and improving communication abilities.

A primary school teacher must be able to do many things: listen, speak, sing, dance, draw. But the most important thing: he should be interested in children. This must be a person with a generous soul and heart. Shota Rustaveli wrote: “What you hid is lost, what you gave away is yours.” The science of giving is a complex science; one learns it throughout one’s life. Without this, it is impossible to be a teacher, and even more so as a primary school teacher of compensatory and correctional-developmental education for children with developmental disabilities, since these children respond only to sincerity and instantly sense falsehood.

Having received this profession, you, along with it, receive the great happiness of giving people a future on a professional basis.

Qualification: Teacher of primary classes and primary classes of compensatory and correctional and developmental education.

Level of training: in-depth

Area of professional activity of graduates: training and upbringing of children in the process of implementing educational programs of general education in primary classes and primary classes of compensatory and correctional developmental education.

Objects of professional activity of the graduate in specialty 44.02.05 Corrective pedagogy in primary education are:

— documentation support of the educational process.

A primary school and primary school teacher of compensatory and correctional and developmental education is preparing for the following types of activities:

1. Teaching according to primary general education programs in primary classes and primary classes of compensatory and correctional developmental education.

2. Organization of extracurricular activities and communication of younger schoolchildren in primary classes and primary classes of compensatory and correctional-developmental education.

3. Cool management.

4. Methodological support of the educational process.

The specialty 44.02.05 Corrective pedagogy in primary education employs highly qualified teachers, most of whom have the highest and first qualification categories.

The work of a primary school teacher and primary school teacher of compensatory and correctional and developmental education is associated with a number of sensitive issues and is often carried out in state educational organizations. Graduates of the specialty, even without work experience, are in demand not only in correctional schools of all types, correctional and developmental education classes, but also in general educational organizations, including kindergartens, boarding schools, orphanages, sanatoriums and dispensaries. In all these organizations there is a shortage of personnel; modern correctional pedagogy needs qualified personnel capable of fully engaging in both educational and administrative work.

Teachers of this specialization conduct lessons in all disciplines in primary school, organize entertainment events, children's recreation and leisure, lead clubs, maintain all educational documentation and ensure the protection of the life and health of students during their presence in the educational organization.

Object, subject, tasks of correctional pedagogy;

The place of correctional pedagogy in the system of scientific and pedagogical knowledge;

Basic concepts and terms of correctional pedagogy;

Prospects and main directions in the development of correctional pedagogy;

The student must be able to:

Operate with the basic concepts and terms of correctional pedagogy;

Use psychological and pedagogical knowledge in future teaching activities;

Correctional and special pedagogy as an integral part of pedagogy and its problem field.

Object, subject, goals and objectives of the course of correctional pedagogy.

Basic concepts and terms of correctional pedagogy.

The relationship between correctional pedagogy and other branches of knowledge.

Basic Concepts : habilitation, adaptation, anomaly, education, deviation, disadaptation, deprivation, defect, defectology, compensation, correctional pedagogy, correction, speech therapy, training, oligophrenopedagogy, development, rehabilitation, readaptation, deaf pedagogy, typhlopedagogy.

Leading ideas:

Within the framework of an integral pedagogical process, correction acts as a set of correctional-educational and correctional-developmental activities.

The expediency and necessity of carrying out correctional work in the educational system are determined both by external modern socio-pedagogical circumstances and by the peculiarities of the internal mental processes occurring in the spiritual world of the child, his awareness, and attitude towards society.

Practical lesson:

Basic concepts and terms of correctional pedagogy. (work with reference materials on correctional pedagogy)

Independent work of students:

Based on work with reference material, fill out a dictionary-reference book of basic concepts and terms (suggested by the teacher).

Literature for independent work of students:

Borodulina, S.Yu. Corrective pedagogy. [Text] Rostov n/d., 2004.-p. 10-16

Goneev, A.D. and others. Fundamentals of correctional pedagogy. [Text] M., 1999. - p.5-13

Corrective pedagogy in primary education [Text] Ed. G.F. Kumarina. – M., 2003 – p.5-17

Dictionary of correctional pedagogy and special psychology [Text] Comp. N.V. Novotortseva - Yaroslavl, 1999.

According to domestic and foreign scientists, the number of children with deviations in psychophysical development and behavior is steadily increasing. This is facilitated by a number of pathological factors of endogenous (internal) and exogenous (external) origin: genetic abnormalities, burdened heredity, physical and mental trauma, somatic and infectious diseases, destabilization of society and individual families, the absence in some cases of normal environmental, economic, hygienic conditions for future mothers and children, disadvantages of school and family education and much more.

Moreover, if at the initial stages of development of a problem child the main obstacle to his education and upbringing is a primary defect, then in the absence of the necessary correctional work, secondary deviations appear that interfere with the child’s social adaptation. In this regard, in modern correctional pedagogy, the position on the need for early detection of deviations in the development of children has been established. Their correct diagnosis and provision of necessary psychological and pedagogical assistance to children.

In order to successfully solve these problems in the educational process of the college, in accordance with the State Standard of Secondary Professional Education, the course “Correctional and Special Pedagogy” has been introduced, which will help students navigate the most significant defectological problems and prepare them to work with children with developmental and behavioral disorders, to effectively training and education.

This training manual provides materials that will help prepare future teachers for their effective teaching and education. This manual is intended to acquaint future teachers with the peculiarities of organizing the construction of an educational process for abnormal children, both in special educational institutions and in a mass secondary school; show what social and pedagogical problems children with developmental and behavioral disorders face; to reveal those methods, methods, paths and means by which the problems of abnormal schoolchildren can be resolved, and their pedagogical neglect and social maladaptation can be prevented.

The textbook analyzes scientific research in the field of correctional and special pedagogy, presented in the works of such famous domestic speech pathologists as L.S. Vygotsky, M.S. Pevzner, T.A. Vlasova, B.P. Puzanov, A.D. Goneev et al.

As a scientific concept, correctional pedagogy acquired official status quite recently. For a long time in our country the term “defectology” was used. With the development of international relations, there is a tendency towards the unification of special terminology; In this regard, the term “corrective pedagogy” is more often used.

Purpose Corrective pedagogy is the identification and overcoming (correction) of deficiencies in the development of the child’s personality, the determination of those conditions of education and upbringing that most adequately take into account the developmental characteristics of an anomalous child and maximally contribute to overcoming his deviations.

Raising and teaching children with disabilities and health and deviant behavior is the most important task of correctional and special pedagogy.

Object correctional and special pedagogy is the personality of a child who has minor deviations in psychophysical development or behavior that complicate his adequate socialization and school adaptation - children with 4 “Ds”.

Children with a less pronounced defect.

Children who suffered deprivation at an early age (lat. Denrivatio - deprivation)

Because of this, those experiencing maladjustment

And showing deviation (deviation) in behavior.

Subject Corrective pedagogy is the process of differentiating the training, education and development of children with developmental deficiencies and behavioral deviations, determining the optimal ways aimed at timely detection, prevention, and overcoming deviations in the development and behavior of these children.

The teacher needs to know:

The nature and nature of deviations present in children, types, causes;

Features of their manifestations;

Methods and techniques for their correction and compensation.

Knowledge of the basics of correctional pedagogy will help to find ways to overcome difficulties in raising a child both in conditions of mass education and in special correctional educational institutions.

Correctional pedagogy as one of the branches of pedagogical science is closely interconnected with the entire block of psychological, pedagogical and special disciplines. Correction, being an integral part of a unified pedagogical process, relying on it, has the closest relationship with general pedagogy, which determines the goals, objectives, content, forms and methods of teaching and educating the younger generation, the diversified development of personality development.

Corrective pedagogy (defectology) includes various branches of special pedagogy and psychology: deaf pedagogy and deaf psychology (study the development, training and education of children with hearing impairment), typhlopedagogy and typhlopsychology (study the development, training and education of mentally retarded children), speech therapy and speech psychology disorders (study the development, training and education of children with speech disorders); branches of special pedagogy and psychology that study motor-motor disorders, complex defects (for example, deaf-blindness), etc.

At the same time, using the entire scientific arsenal of general pedagogy, its categorical system, principles, methods and forms of organizing the educational process, advanced pedagogical experience, correctional pedagogy makes significant amendments to the methodology and technology of applying pedagogical knowledge, to the content of teaching and raising children and adolescents in accordance with the nature and nature of their defect, develops its own techniques and methods of correctional influence in various branches of special pedagogy (typhlo-, deaf-, oligophrenopedagogy, speech therapy, etc.)

At the same time, children with developmental disabilities are characterized by mental features that cannot always be found in normal children: delayed general physical development, slowness, weakness and inactivity of nervous processes, underdeveloped sensory analyzers, incomplete (fragmented) perception of the surrounding world, etc.

This dialectical unity of the general and the special, the ordinary and the unusual in the psychological state of children and adolescents leads to a statement of the relationship between correctional pedagogy and philosophy. Painstaking correctional work, everyday pedagogical influence on a defect in mental or physical development leads to the manifestation of the philosophical pattern of the transition from quantity to quality, to a decrease in deviation or compensation for a physical defect due to the activation of the activity of healthy organs or those with a minor anomaly.

In correctional pedagogy, there is a close relationship with social pedagogy, the subject of which is the study of the educational forces of society and ways of their actualization, ways of integrating the capabilities of public, state and private organizations in order to create conditions for the development and positive self-realization of a person.

There is a connection with social psychology in that it studies the patterns of behavior and activity of people, determined by the fact of their inclusion in social groups, as well as the versatile psychological characteristics of these groups themselves.

Sociology helps in studying the patterns of formation of the functioning and development of society as a whole, social relations and social communities.

Correctional pedagogical activities will be effective when they are based on knowledge in the field of child psychiatry, neuropathology, pathophysiology, and immunology. As well as ophthalmology, otolaryngology and other medical sciences.

From a medical point of view, the basis for correctional pedagogy is pediatrics, which studies the child’s health and the processes of its development, physiology, pathology, methods of prevention and treatment of diseases that threaten its harmonious development or pose a danger to the life of the child’s body.

The source of many deviations in the development of a child is the state of his nervous system, so the teacher must have knowledge of neurology - the science of the structure and functions of the human nervous system. And in order to correlate the norm and pathology in the state of the nervous system, a relationship with neuropathology is required - a field of clinical medicine that studies the disease of the nervous system and its role in the pathology of other organs and systems.

Psychiatry, which studies issues of etiology, pathogenesis, pathomorphology, diagnosis, therapy and prevention of mental illness, will help correctional pedagogy find the right direction and choose the right solution when working with children and adolescents with deviations in psychological development.

When correcting and rehabilitating impaired mental functions, one cannot do without systematic mental influences on a person, i.e. without psychotherapy, which acts as a complex of mental influences on the patient, aimed at increasing his strength in the fight against the disease, at creating a protective and restorative regime that excludes mental trauma.

Ophthalmology determines the nature of the brain disease, its course, the state of visual functions. Otolaryngology provides diagnosis of auditory pathology and therapeutic measures or diseases of the hearing organs.

A special education teacher (defectologist) is a specialist who works with children who have problems (special features) in physical and mental development.

The main areas of activity of a teacher-defectologist:

diagnosing the problem;
correctional and developmental classes taking into account the age, individual and psychological characteristics of your child;
assistance in raising a child;
social adaptation (including introduction to the group).

This profession is based on an understanding of the uniqueness of children with special needs, the desire for their development and socialization. Having special knowledge, a special education teacher helps parents cope with difficulties in raising and educating their children.

Unfortunately, in recent years the number of children with certain deviations from normal development. Parents do not always have enough knowledge to notice problems in their baby in time. During routine medical examinations, many developmental disorders in children also often remain undetected.

As a result, parents begin to sound the alarm when the child has already grown up and the problems are obvious. Most often this is discovered upon entering kindergarten or school. That’s when they begin to work hard with a speech pathologist, speech therapist and psychologist, but it can be very difficult, sometimes almost impossible, to catch up. After all, it is up to 3-5 years of age that the compensatory capabilities of the brain are very great. If corrective action is started at an early age, the problems can be solved completely, or at least many possible secondary deviations can be avoided.

Opportunities for government support for families with children with special needs are limited. You often have to wait a long time for your turn to see a specialist, wasting valuable time.

Our center specialists They work with children from 8-10 months. A specially prepared environment is organized for classes, equipped with a huge amount of educational materials.

Teachers work closely with families. For the youngest children, parents are present at classes. This allows you to ask all the questions you are interested in and monitor your child’s progress and successes under the guidance of a specialist. In addition, the work of a defectologist special education teacher is aimed at teaching parents the basic techniques necessary for independent study with their child at home. Only in this case is it possible to achieve significant results.

Currently, the number of children with developmental disabilities is steadily growing. If you don’t notice the problem, or think that everything will level out over time, then the situation will only get worse. If you turn to a specialist in time, then by school the child will master the skills necessary for learning.

We are talking about children with mental and speech delays, intellectual disabilities, attention deficit disorder, etc. These categories of children require a special approach to education, behavior correction, and training.

A special education teacher is a specialist who works with children with special needs in physical and mental development.

The main areas of activity of a teacher-defectologist:

diagnosing the problem;
correctional and developmental classes taking into account the age, individual and psychological characteristics of your child;
assistance in raising a child;
social adaptation.

Most often, parents discover deviations in the child’s development when entering kindergarten or school. That’s when they begin to work intensively with a defectologist, speech therapist and psychologist. But, having started correctional work at the age of 6-7, it can be very difficult, sometimes almost impossible, to catch up. After all, it is up to 3-5 years of age that the compensatory capabilities of the brain are very great. If corrective action is started at an early age, the problems can be solved completely, or at least many possible secondary deviations can be avoided.
For classes in our center, a specially prepared environment has been organized, and a large amount of educational materials has been collected.

During the classes the following correctional and developmental work is carried out:
- increasing cognitive activity and development of basic mental processes in children (perception, attention, memory, thinking and speech);
- teaching the game;
- development of speech based on familiarization with the outside world;
- visual arts: modeling, drawing, designing;
- literacy training.

Other disciplines can vary and be selected taking into account the individual characteristics of the child.

Teachers work closely with families. For the youngest children, parents are present at classes. This allows them to ask all the questions they are interested in and monitor, under the guidance of a specialist, the child’s progress and success. In addition, the work of a correctional teacher is aimed at teaching parents the basic techniques necessary for independent study with their child at home. Only in this case is it possible to achieve significant results.

If you have even the slightest doubt about the development of your baby, you need to consult a professional correctional teacher and definitely a medical specialist. In our center you can always get answers to all your questions.

Our center specialists will help you:

determine the presence or absence of a problem;
develop an individual lesson program for your child;
Get recommendations for practicing at home.

Classes in our center are held at a time convenient for you and your child, in a comfortable, friendly and cozy atmosphere of support and attention.