What is coprostasis? Acute intestinal obstruction in a child Coprostasis code according to ICD 10 in adults

Enterolitis, coprostasis

Version: MedElement Disease Directory

Other types of intestinal closure (K56.4)

Gastroenterology

general information

Short description

Intestinal stone(enterolitis) - calculus Concretions are stones, dense formations found in the cavitary organs and excretory ducts of human glands.
formed in the intestines as a result of calcification Calcinosis (syn. calcification, calcification) - deposition of calcium salts in body tissues
condensed food residues.

Coprostasis- a condition resulting from chronic constipation, characterized by absence of bowel movements (or minor bowel movements - up to 100 g of stool for adults) for at least 48 hours and painful attempts to do so, combined with signs of intestinal obstruction. Coprostasis is not an independent disease, but is only a clinical sign that accompanies some diseases.
Coprostasis with signs of intestinal obstruction should be distinguished from constipation.

Note

- "Foreign body in the small intestine (bezoar)" - T18.3

- "Foreign body in the colon" - T18.4

Classification

Enteroliths. Conventionally divided into true and false (see section "Etiology and pathogenesis")

Coprostasis. There is no acceptable classification. One of the classification options based on etiological characteristics is given below.

1. Alimentary coprostasis.

2. Mechanical coprostasis (organic lesions of the colon).
3. Neurogenic coprostasis (functional and organic diseases of the central nervous system).
4. Toxic coprostasis (chronic intoxication, including drugs).
5. Coprostasis in endocrine pathology.
6. Reflex coprostasis (for various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and pelvis).

Etiology and pathogenesis

Enteroliths

1. True enteroliths. They are very rare and represent fecal and bile acid calculi, which, as they enter the distal small intestine, are impregnated with precipitated calcium salts. The stones may consist almost exclusively of magnesium carbonate alone; may contain 80% carbonate and other calcium salts; “fatty-waxy masses”, which are probably formed from excessive consumption of very fatty foods containing refractory fats of animal origin, or due to insufficient digestion of fats.
True enteroliths form mainly in the area of congenital anomalies and acquired defects of the small intestine.

2. False enteroliths form around fragments of undigested food (bones, seeds, bezoars) in any part of the intestine.
Moving through the intestines and fixing in the jejunum or in the ileocecal part of the intestine, enteroliths can cause complete or partial obstruction.

Enteroliths should be distinguished from:
- biliary stones that formed in the gall bladder and entered the intestine through biliary digestive fistulas, which can also cause obstructive intestinal obstruction (" " - K56.3);

Urinary stones from the renal pelvis, which entered the intestine through pelvic-intestinal fistulas;
- appendix stones (" " - K38.1)

The formation of enteroliths is caused by:
- diverticula of the small intestine (congenital and acquired) - the main cause;
- intestinal fistulas (small-small intestinal, small-colon);
- blind loop syndrome (after anastomosis surgery);
- congenital malformations of the intestine (Hirschsprung's disease Hirschsprung's disease is a congenital malformation of the rectum (sometimes the distal colon) due to denervation of all elements of the intestinal wall and blood vessels. In this case, the passage of intestinal contents through the affected areas is disrupted, which leads to its accumulation in the overlying part of the colon and to its gradual stretching
);
- intestinal hypotension of any etiology;
- long-term errors in diet;
- taking large doses of antacids for a long time;
- multiple intestinal stenosis.

Fecal obstruction
Coprostasis occurs due to the formation in the large (most often in the rectum or sigmoid) intestine of hard, immobile fragments of feces, blocking the intestinal lumen and causing clinical intestinal obstruction.

The most common reasons:
- diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system;
- long-term uncontrolled use of medications (anticholinergics, antipsychotics, narcotics, antidiarrheals);
- dehydration and nutritional disorders;
- congenital intestinal anomalies;
- intestinal diseases.
(See also the "Classification" section).

Epidemiology

Age: mostly elderly

Sign of prevalence: Rare

Sex ratio(m/f): 0.9

1.True enteroliths causing intestinal obstruction are rare. It is believed that the disease affects older people with reduced gastrointestinal motility and a high risk of diverticular disease. However, cases of intestinal obstruction caused by fecal stones have also been described in children.

2. Fecal obstruction It is described mainly in older people, but there are cases of the disease in childhood. Compared to obstruction Obstruction - obstruction, blockage
, caused by enterolith, fecal obstruction is much more common.

Risk factors and groups

- elderly age;
- presence of diverticula A diverticulum is a protrusion of the wall of a hollow organ (intestine, esophagus, ureter, etc.), communicating with its cavity.
and hernias;
- constipation;
- mental disorders;
- eating disorders;
- use of drugs that affect intestinal motility.

Clinical picture

Clinical diagnostic criteria

Abdominal pain; bloating; vomit; nausea; dehydration; tachycardia; oliguria; palpable tumor in the abdomen; splashing noise on auscultation; dehydration; tachycardia

Symptoms, course

Obstruction caused by enterolith
A history may include symptoms of diverticulosis or exacerbations of diverticulitis, signs of malabsorption Malabsorption syndrome (malabsorption) is a combination of hypovitaminosis, anemia and hypoproteinemia caused by malabsorption in the small intestine
, operations on the gastrointestinal tract, cholecystitis Cholecystitis - inflammation of the gallbladder
.
The clinic can develop acutely with complete obstruction or subacutely with incomplete obstruction or migration of enterolith through the intestine. Enterolitis usually causes obstruction of the jejunum.
It manifests itself as sudden abdominal pain of uncertain localization or pain near the navel. The pain is cramping in nature.
In the subacute course, there is a history of several painful attacks of lesser intensity or a gradual increase in pain over several days.
Vomiting is the second most common symptom. With small intestinal obstruction, vomiting is persistent, repeated, leading to dehydration, possibly with an admixture of bile.
Bloating, gas and stool retention are constant signs.

Coprostasis
Develops gradually against the background of a history of chronic constipation. Most often there is a clinic for colonic (low) obstruction. The frequency of symptoms can vary significantly depending on the etiology of coprostasis, the age and mental status of the patients, and the duration of obstruction.

Main symptoms:
- stool retention or a small amount of stool (less than 100 g/day for adults) for at least 48 hours; observed in 65-100% of cases;

Abdominal pain - 32-99%;

Vomiting - 23-48%;

Bloating - 48-65%;

Splashing noise during auscultation - 46-51%;

Palpable tumor - 18-65%.

Other symptoms that may occur may also include:

Dehydration;

Strong straining when trying to defecate;

Pressure on the bladder or loss of bladder control (a frequent urge to urinate when trying to defecate);

Lower back pain;

Tachycardia Tachycardia - increased heart rate (more than 100 per minute)
;

Episode of mild diarrhea (rare).

During palpation examination, symptoms of peritoneal irritation are not detected; a compaction in the area of the sigmoid colon can be palpated.

Digital examination of the rectum has important diagnostic value. Relaxation of the sphincters is quite often detected Sphincter (syn. sphincter) - a circular muscle that compresses a hollow organ or closes any opening
and gaping of the anus. In the ampulla of the rectum, dense fecal masses are determined, through which it is impossible to pass a finger; They are immovable, pressure on them causes some pain. When fecal constipation is located in the sigmoid colon or even more proximally, the rectum is free of contents.
In some cases, a rectal examination reveals slight bleeding. Possible (in the early stages) one-time diarrhea and the passage of a small amount of gas.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of coprostasis based on rectal examination data does not cause difficulties. However, imaging may be useful in differential diagnosis and diagnosis of complications.

1. Survey radiography allows you to identify classic signs of obstruction:
1.1 For enterolith:
- bloating of the small intestine with emptying of the distal sections;
- shadow of a stone in the projection of the jejunum or cecum;
- liquid levels.
1.2 For coprostasis:
- bloating and fluid levels in the small and large intestines;
- shadow of feces filling the entire intestinal section (relatively uniform darkening with a contour corresponding to the contour of the intestinal section, most often the sigmoid and rectum).

2. Irrigoscopy Irrigoscopy is an X-ray examination of the colon with retrograde filling of it with a contrast suspension
for coprostasis it is not carried out; for enteroliths, CT and ultrasound are preferable.

3. CT scan is the gold standard for diagnosis, also allowing for the detection of diverticulosis Diverticulosis - the presence of multiple diverticula (protrusion of the wall of a hollow organ communicating with its cavity); observed more often in the gastrointestinal tract
intestines.

4. Ultrasound has high sensitivity in diagnosing enteroliths, but is often difficult due to intestinal bloating.

Laboratory diagnostics

There are no specific laboratory tests to support diagnoses of enterolithic obstruction or coprostasis.

Detected changes usually indicate dehydration due to vomiting (hypochloridemia, hypokalemia, hemoconcentration), initial nutritional deficiency (hypoalbuminemia), and the development of complications (high ESR and leukocytosis, blood in the stool).
However, all the necessary tests for differential diagnosis with diseases of the pancreas, cholelithiasis GSD - cholelithiasis
, infectious colitis and others must be performed.

Differential diagnosis

- other types of intestinal obstruction;
- biliary ileus Ileus - a violation of the passage of contents through the intestines; manifested by retention of stool and gases, acute abdominal pain, vomiting, and often symptoms of intoxication and dehydration (dehydration)
;
- intestinal tumors;
- bezoars A bezoar is a foreign body in the stomach formed from swallowed indigestible food particles; may simulate a stomach tumor
and foreign bodies;
- chronic constipation.

The main role in differential diagnosis belongs to imaging methods.

Description:

Coprostasis syndrome (obstipation) is a frequent companion. It is generally accepted to consider constipation to be retention of stool for more than 48 hours, and in addition, regular incomplete or difficult bowel movements with the release of less than 100 g of feces.

Symptoms:

The accumulation of feces (usually in the terminal areas of the small or large intestine) is accompanied by colic-like or sharp cramping pain in the abdomen. General health often suffers: weakness, pallor appears, and the temperature rises. Palpation reveals a dense formation or fecal conglomerates along the intestine.

Causes:

There are many classifications of etiological factors of coprostasis. The following is most often used.

I. Alimentary coprostasis.

II. Mechanical coprostasis (organic lesions of the colon).

III. Neurogenic coprostasis (functional and organic diseases of the central nervous system).

IV. Toxic coprostasis (chronic, including drugs).

V. Coprostasis in endocrine pathology.

VI. Reflex coprostasis (for various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and pelvis).

Coprostasis in organic lesions of the colon. Obstipation is one of the most characteristic symptoms of congenital anomalies of the colon - idiopathic megacolon, Hirschsprung's disease, mobile cecum and sigmoid colon.

In addition, coprostasis also develops with secondary megacolon, as well as in the presence of various mechanical obstacles to the passage of intestinal contents (tumors, strictures, compression of the intestine by adhesions, conglomerates of lymph nodes, etc.).

Dilatation of all or part of the colon (megacolon) is often accompanied by its lengthening (megadolichocolon). In this case, there is a pronounced thickening of the intestinal wall. Most often, however, these congenital changes occur in the sigmoid colon - dolichosigma. Dolichosigma accounts for 15% of all congenital pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract.

Dolichosigma can occur without severe symptoms in childhood, but in the presence of concomitant pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, it is accompanied by persistent constipation. Coprostasis develops in such patients more often in adolescence or even adulthood.

When the dolichosigma is bent, as well as when the sigmoid and cecum are mobile, pain may occur in the right or left half of the abdomen with irradiation to the epigastrium or periumbilical region.

In diagnosis, the dominant role is played by x-ray examination of the large intestine, as well as sigmoidoscopy.

Clinical manifestations of idiopathic megacolon develop at different age stages, depending on the type of disease. the childhood type occurs in the first year of life. In addition to the characteristic coprostasis, fecal incontinence often develops. The rectum and sigmoid colon expand.

Coprostasis, which develops at an older age, is characteristic of the adult type of idiopathic megacolon. In addition, there is an expansion of the entire colon.

Systematic constipation has been the only symptom of the disease for many years. Spontaneous bowel movements occur once every 2-3 weeks. The stool has a dense consistency, its diameter and volume are 1.5-2 times larger than usual. Some time after the onset of coprostasis, nagging pain in the abdomen without a specific localization occurs. They weaken significantly or disappear completely after defecation.

The tone of the anal sphincter in the initial stages may be normal or increased. In the future, sphincter atony may develop with the addition of fecal incontinence. In some cases, complete gaping of the sphincter is noted. The skin of the perianal area is irritated. The ampullary portion of the rectum is usually tightly filled with dense feces.

The dense consistency of feces, as well as their significant volume, require pronounced straining, without which the act of defecation becomes impossible. The result of prolonged (up to 20 seconds) straining is the occurrence of anal fissures and hemorrhoids. Painful bowel movements lead to incomplete bowel movements.

False, or “constipative”, diarrhea often occurs. Their appearance is associated with the release of a large amount of secretion from the irritated rectal mucosa, which dilutes the feces.

Compacted feces, under the influence of segmental contractions of the intestine, are compressed into coprolites, which lead to stretching and gaping of the anal sphincter. Feces liquefied by rectal mucus flow around the coprolites, bypass the gaping sphincter, and irritate the skin of the perianal area. Patients themselves often mistake fecal incontinence for diarrhea, so it is necessary to carefully determine the history of the disease. There is a marked weakening of the defecation reflex, but it is not completely lost.

Hirschsprung's disease is most often diagnosed in early childhood. This is a congenital malformation of the large intestine associated with the complete absence (aganglionosis), insufficient or abnormal development of intramural nerve ganglia and nerve fibers of the intestinal wall.

The result is a violation of nervous regulation or complete denervation of a section of the colon with the development of the aperistaltic zone and secondary changes in all layers of the intestinal wall (mucosal, submucosal and muscular).

Due to the appearance of the aperistaltic zone, the passage of intestinal contents is disrupted. Feces accumulate in the denervated area of the intestine, causing significant stretching of its walls. The adductor region, on the contrary, contracts intensely, which first causes hypertrophy and then leads to hypotonia of its muscle layer.

The main clinical manifestation of the disease is the absence of independent stool. After enemas, feces are released in the form of a “plug”. Hirschsprung's disease always progresses with age. Patients suffer from fecal intoxication. The only treatment is resection of the aganglionic area and part of the dilated area of the colon.

Adults are referred to as Hirschsprung's disease when the main symptoms develop in young and middle age. This is possible in the presence of a small, distally located aganglionic section of the intestine, as well as in the presence of a deficiency of nerve ganglia and fibers in the intestinal wall.

Coprostasis can develop in the presence of a mechanical obstacle to the passage of intestinal contents. The most common cause in the latter case is a tumor process of the large intestine.

In addition, compression of the intestinal lumen from the outside by a conglomerate of inflammatory lymph nodes, adhesions, or inflammatory (tumor) infiltrate can lead to a decrease in the intestinal lumen.

Increased intracavitary pressure in the colon is one of the causes of intestinal diverticulosis. Fecal stones, which can form even at a young age, often lead to the development of intestinal obstruction.

Chronic coprostasis plays a certain role in oncogenesis: a number of carcinogens, which are products of bacterial metabolism, have the possibility of prolonged contact with the intestinal mucosa as a result of stagnation of its contents during constipation.

Secondary intestinal dyskinesia occurs as a result of reflex influences from pathologically altered organs of the gastrointestinal tract and pelvic organs. The secondary nature of the disorders is indicated by a clear connection between the exacerbation of the underlying disease and the increase in coprostasis, as well as the disappearance of constipation in the phase of its remission.

Coprostasis is characteristic of a number of stomach diseases - with normal and increased secretion, peptic ulcer. It often accompanies chronic disease, both calculous and acalculous. Obstipation develops in every fifth patient with chronic enteritis and in every second patient with chronic colitis.

Reflex effects on the colon from the pelvic organs in cases of appendicitis, chronic salpingoophoritis and endometritis also lead to the development of intestinal dyskinesia and coprostasis.

Proctogenic dyskinesias in patients with pathology of the anorectal region (proctitis, sphincteritis, anal fissures) are especially considered. Coprostasis with this type of dyskinesia occurs both due to inflammatory changes in the rectum and anus, and in connection with a reflex spasm of the internal and external sphincters.

In such patients, the dominant complaints are pathological difficulty in defecation, pain in the anus, discharge of scarlet blood in the stool due to abrasions or cracks, prolapse of hemorrhoids and rectal mucosa.

Constipation is enhanced by the conscious volitional effort of patients to prevent defecation, which they try to avoid due to severe pain.

Treatment:

For treatment the following is prescribed:

The most important factor is the appointment of adequate dietary therapy. The diet should be physiologically complete, with a normal content of all essential nutrients, vitamins, microelements and minerals. In this case, it is necessary to additionally introduce mechanical and chemical stimulants of intestinal motor function into the diet, excluding those products that cause an increase in the processes of fermentation and putrefaction in the intestines.

Boiled and steamed food is recommended; it should not be chopped. As motility stimulants, those varieties of berries, fruits and vegetables are used that enhance the evacuation function of the intestines without causing fermentation processes and irritation of the intestinal mucosa.

The diet for various types of dyskinesia should correspond to the characteristics of intestinal motility. For hypomotor dyskinesia of the colon, the main principle of diet therapy is to add the following foods rich in plant fiber to the diet: carrots, beets, zucchini, pumpkin, cauliflower, tomatoes, raw and boiled lettuce. Vegetables rich in essential oils are excluded: turnips, radishes, onions, garlic, radishes, and mushrooms. We recommend bread made from coarse rye and wheat flour with the addition of bran, porridge from wheat, buckwheat, pearl barley, oatmeal in water.

Soups are prepared with weak, low-fat meat and fish broth and vegetable broth. Meat and fish - only low-fat varieties - boiled, steamed, baked, mostly in pieces. If protein foods are well tolerated, you can take soft-boiled eggs or in the form of steam omelettes - no more than 2 pieces per day.

Fruit and vegetable juices are indicated, as well as figs, dates, prunes, dried apricots, bananas, apples, since the organic acids and sugars that these fruits contain stimulate intestinal motility. Lactic acid products are effective in the treatment of coprostasis: fresh kefir, yogurt, acidophilus, as well as drinks with the addition of a live culture of bifidobacteria.

Cold food promotes bowel movements. Adding wheat bran to the diet, which is doused with boiling water and consumed in its pure form or added to liquid dishes (in the first two weeks, 1 tsp 3 times a day, then 1-2 tbsp 3 times a day, followed by by reducing the dose to 1.5 tsp 3 times a day), it can significantly facilitate bowel movements. They should be taken for at least 6 weeks. For hypomotor dyskinesias, vegetable and animal oils (sunflower, corn, olive, butter, etc.) can be prescribed.

Not shown are bread made from premium flour, butter dough, fatty meats, smoked meats, canned food, spicy foods, chocolate, strong coffee, tea. Rice and semolina porridges, noodles, potatoes, and foods that cause increased gas formation (legumes, cabbage, sorrel, spinach, apple and grape juices) are not recommended.

With hypermotor dyskinesia of the colon, as well as with proctogenic coprostasis, the fundamental difference is the appointment of a slag-free diet with a significant content of vegetable fats, since foods rich in fiber can cause increased spasticity and abdominal pain.

As the intestinal motor function improves, vegetables are gradually introduced, first boiled and then raw, as well as juices. Wheat bran should be used with caution and in minimal doses, which can cause colic-like abdominal pain in such patients. You need to start by taking 1 tsp. in the morning.

Drug treatment of colon dyskinesias is used as a last resort. For hypermotor dyskinesia the following is prescribed:

Antispasmodics of various groups (including anticholinergics, as well as adrenergic agonists, ganglion blockers);

Metoclopramide (cerucal);

Local therapy in the form of oil microenemas, antispasmodic suppositories.

For hypomotor dyskinesia the following are indicated:

Drugs of different groups that enhance intestinal motility (motilium, cisapride, debradate, coordinax);

Metoclopramide (cerucal);

Choleretic drugs (allochol, festal) and enzyme agents;

Potassium chloride in combination with vitamin B1;

Anticholinesterase drugs (proserin, galantamine).

The use of laxatives should be avoided; in case of hypermotor dyskinesia, they are completely contraindicated.

For hypomotor dyskinesia with no effect from therapy with the above drugs, laxatives are used. Preference should be given to herbal preparations: senna leaf, buckthorn bark, joster, rhubarb and their processed products. Laxatives should be prescribed no more than 2 times a week; it is better to alternate them with each other.

To classify diseases, a special International Classification of Diseases ICD-10 is used. It is constantly updated, now the ICD-10 code for constipation is numbered K59.0. Let's take a closer look at what this classification is.

Constipation concept

What is constipation? This is a violation of the proper functioning of the intestines, which consists in the fact that feces pass through the rectum with difficulty. Constipation can be acute or chronic.

In the acute form of the disease, a person experiences episodic disruption of the bowel movement process; in the case of chronic constipation, the act of defecation may be absent for more than 2 days.

This is a very unpleasant condition, a person suffers from pain, bloating, and severe intoxication can begin.

Constipation can occur due to poor diet (constant snacking, eating unhealthy foods) and lifestyle (sedentary occupations).

Difficulties in emptying are very common among older people, in this case this process is caused by impaired muscle contractions in the rectum and anus.

ICD codes and classification of constipation

The International Classification of Diseases has been revised 10 times to date, which is why it is called ICD-10. It is regularly revised and supplemented with new types of diseases.

It contains 21 sections with various diseases and their descriptions. The classification was created specifically to systematize data on diseases; it clearly states the diagnosis and symptoms, and calculates the frequency with which a particular disease occurs among people.

The development of ICD dates back to the 18th century thanks to the scientific works of Francois Bossier de Lacroix.

Today, ICD-10 is used, which is supplemented by knowledge about possible postoperative complications.

It is based on three numbers that form a kind of disease code.

ICD-10 has 3 volumes, each of which contains separate information about using the classifier, an alphabetical index and the main classification of diseases. The classification contains a description of 22 classes; accordingly, the first letter in the code is the name of the class.

ICD-10 code for chronic constipation K59.0 This abbreviation means:

K - intestinal diseases;
59.0 is the serial number of the disease in the classifier.

Using this code you can find the main symptoms and methods of treating the disease. Let's consider this issue in more detail.

Find out from this article which doctor you should contact if you experience frequent constipation.

Code 59.0 description

Constipation refers to intestinal dysfunction; according to the ICD-10 classification, it is a condition of obstruction of feces in the rectum. The main causes are considered to be poor diet and lifestyle, nervous tension and constant stress, and chronic gastrointestinal diseases.

The main features are:

bowel movements less than 3 times a week;
hard stool;
pushing during the act of defecation.

The ICD-10 code for functional constipation is also K59.0. This group includes a complete description of this condition.

Treatment involves a strict diet that includes eating relaxing foods.

In some cases, mild laxatives may be prescribed. If constipation is caused by psychological factors, then a visit to a psychiatrist is recommended.

In children, the ICD-10 code for constipation is also K59.0. There are no differences between the disease between an adult and a child, and the treatment is also similar. Very often, stool disorders occur in young children due to intestinal deficiency, in which case it is necessary to reconsider the baby’s diet.

How to treat constipation with folk remedies? Read the link.

Conclusion

Constipation is a disorder of the intestines when the movement of feces through the rectum becomes difficult. With this disease, the patient cannot go to the toilet for several days. Depending on the nature of the course, acute and chronic forms are distinguished.

According to the International Classification of Diseases, it has the number K59.0. This section describes in detail the course of the disease, main symptoms and treatment methods.

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Other functional intestinal disorders (K59)

Excluded:

changes in bowel status NOS (R19.4)
functional stomach disorders (K31.-)
intestinal malabsorption (K90.-)
psychogenic intestinal disorders (F45.3)

Colon dilatation

If it is necessary to identify a toxic agent, use an additional external cause code (Class XX).

Excluded: megacolon (with):

Chagas disease (B57.3)
caused by Clostridium difficile (A04.7)
congenital (aganglionic) (Q43.1)
Hirschsprung's disease (Q43.1)

In Russia, the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) has been adopted as a single normative document for recording morbidity, reasons for the population's visits to medical institutions of all departments, and causes of death.

ICD-10 was introduced into healthcare practice throughout the Russian Federation in 1999 by order of the Russian Ministry of Health dated May 27, 1997. No. 170

The release of a new revision (ICD-11) is planned by WHO in 2017-2018.

With changes and additions from WHO.

Processing and translation of changes © mkb-10.com

Coprostasis

Coprostasis is constipation or, in simple terms, constipation. It occurs due to disruption of the gastrointestinal tract, when stool retention occurs for more than two days. This pathology can occur in both adults and children. This condition is treated with medications or surgery.

The main sign of the development of such a disease is the inability to empty the intestines independently. In addition, there is pain, heaviness in the stomach and a deterioration in the person’s general condition.

Diagnostics is carried out only in combination with laboratory tests. Based on its results, medications are prescribed for oral administration, and an enema is also used. If the examination shows the presence of hard fecal stones, then surgery is performed. Coprostasis has its own ICD-10 code: K59.0.

Etiology

There are quite a few factors that can trigger the development of this pathology.

However, most often this occurs due to various diseases, namely:

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS);
dysbacteriosis;
pathological enlargement of some parts of the intestine;
the development of inflammation or the presence of infections in the intestines;
disruptions in the gastrointestinal tract.

In addition to these diseases, there are other pathologies that can provoke intestinal obstruction, namely:

diabetes;
violation of metabolic processes;
stomach ulcer;
cholecystitis;
hemorrhoids of various locations;
heart diseases;
intoxication of the body.

Coprostasis (constipation) can occur in anyone, and older people are no exception.

In this case, the reasons are:

the aging process of the body;
numerous chronic pathologies.

The causes of this condition in children may be:

allergies to certain foods;
congenital diseases;
lactose intolerance;
rickets;
poor nutrition;
stress related to family, kindergarten or school.

A hereditary predisposition cannot be ruled out either. Experts have noted that the female half of the population more often suffers from this condition, especially during pregnancy.

Classification

The disease can occur in two forms - acute and chronic.

In addition, in medicine there are several types of coprostasis, depending on the reasons for its occurrence:

functional;
organic;
allergic;
hypodynamic;
medicinal;
toxic;
nutritional;
neurogenic;
mechanical;
intoxication;
proctogenic;
endocrine.

There is also an idiopathic type of coprostasis, but it is currently impossible to establish the true causes of its occurrence.

Symptoms

This pathology has specific symptoms, so a qualified doctor will make the correct diagnosis without any problems.

The most obvious signs of this condition are as follows:

rare urge to have a bowel movement;
change in the consistency of stool;
strong efforts during bowel movements;
feeling of heaviness in the intestines;
nausea and vomiting;
cardiopalmus;
refusal to eat;
insomnia;
bloating;
pain in the abdominal cavity;
pale skin.

Any of these signs can appear in both adults and children, only in them the manifestation of symptoms will not be so obvious.

Diagnostics

Usually the doctor makes the correct diagnosis without any problems, however, establishing the cause of this condition is more difficult.

Therefore, various sets of diagnostic procedures will be used, as well as:

the doctor studies the person’s previous illnesses;
anamnesis is collected;
the specialist palpates the anterior wall of the abdominal cavity;
conducts a digital examination of the rectum.

In addition, hardware and laboratory tests are carried out, namely:

blood and urine tests;
coprography;
polymerase chain reaction test;
ultrasonography of the gastrointestinal tract;
MRI, CT;
biopsy;
colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy;
gastroscopy.

However, in some situations, the results of these examinations cannot determine the true cause, so consultation with other specialists is required.

Treatment

Once the diagnosis of coprostasis is made, treatment begins, which includes the following methods:

It is recommended to follow a diet that is individual for each patient;
medications are prescribed for oral administration, as well as rectal laxative suppositories;
cleansing enemas;
massotherapy;
special gymnastic exercises;
traditional medicine recipes, but only with the permission of the attending physician.

If the patient's condition does not improve after a month of treatment, then the issue of surgical intervention will be decided. During the operation, the fecal stone and the part of the intestine to which it was attached will be removed.

Prevention

Coprostasis can be prevented by following some rules of prevention:

rejection of bad habits;
do not overwork the body physically and emotionally;
balance your diet;
take medications prescribed by a doctor;
carry out timely treatment of all emerging pathologies;
Conduct a preventive examination of the body once a year.

By following these preventive measures, you can avoid constipation, however, be careful, since coprostasis is prone to relapse.

Constipation (syn. constipation, obstipation) - is a violation of the passage of feces, i.e. their stagnation in the intestines. This disorder develops regardless of age and gender, and also entails a number of complications.

Chronic constipation is a long-term existing disorder of intestinal function, in which characteristic symptoms are present for 6 months or more. Almost every 3rd adult suffers from this disorder, and the incidence in children is 20%.

Spastic constipation is a violation of the act of defecation, which is caused by spasms of the intestinal muscles and bloating. This form of constipation can occur in both children and adults and in most cases is caused by poor diet or the presence of chronic gastroenterological diseases.

Atonic constipation is a gastroenterological disorder characterized by deterioration of the tone (atony) of the rectum. As a consequence of this, a violation of the act of defecation occurs - constipation and deterioration in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.

Esophageal diverticula are a pathological process that is characterized by deformation of the esophageal wall and protrusion of all its layers in the form of a pouch towards the mediastinum. In the medical literature, esophageal diverticulum also has another name - esophageal diverticulum. In gastroenterology, this particular localization of saccular protrusion accounts for about forty percent of cases. Most often, the pathology is diagnosed in males who have crossed the fifty-year mark. But it is also worth noting that usually such individuals have one or more predisposing factors - gastric ulcer, cholecystitis and others. ICD 10 code – acquired type K22.5, esophageal diverticulum – Q39.6.

How to treat intestinal coprostasis in children and adults?

A disease that manifests itself in the form of systematic constipation lasting more than two days is called coprostasis.

This diagnosis also includes cases when bowel movement is difficult or the release occurs in incomplete volume (a single amount of feces is less than 100 g).

Pathology code according to ICD-10

According to the international classification of diseases, coprostasis has the code K59.0.

Symptoms of the disease in adults and children

Patients with bowel movements experience the following symptoms:

weakness,
elevated temperature,
nausea,
severe cramping pain in the abdominal area,
pale skin,
vomit,
When examining the intestines, scattered hard fecal lumps are found along the large intestine.

In children, symptoms of the disorder increase slowly:

vomit,
bloating,
signs of intoxication,
stool retention,
cramping pain,
If a fecal stone forms, intestinal obstruction may occur, which will be noticeable through the following symptoms:
- lack of feces,
- gases escape in small quantities,
- severe pain in the abdomen of a pulling nature, over time the pain becomes cramping.

Reasons for development

Since the correct movement of feces largely depends on the health of the large intestine, it is its diseases, in most cases, that initiate coprostasis. This is due to the fact that disorders of secretory functions and intestinal motility contribute to the creation of congestion.

With a healthy intestine, the volume of feces approximately corresponds to the amount of food consumed. The slow movement of masses promotes emptying in a small volume, the creation of dense fecal lumps along the large intestine.

Factors contributing to the development of chronic problems with bowel movements - coprostasis - are:

diseases of the large intestine of organic nature,
long-term use of drugs that causes intoxication;
disturbances in the functioning of the digestive system,
endocrine pathologies,
damage to the nervous system of an organic nature,
functional disorders of the nervous system,
Carrying a child creates conditions for constipation,
diseases of the female genital organs initiate the appearance of problems with bowel movements,
poor nutrition is also a direct factor creating the preconditions for constipation;
various influences leading to the appearance of toxins in the intestines.

Treatment of coprostasis

To regulate bowel function, a specialist examines the patient to find the cause of the bowel function disorder. A set of individual measures is being developed.

If the patient has a disease that causes coprostasis, then treatment is prescribed aimed at improving the condition of the diseased organ or system.

If the intestinal dysfunction is of a hypermotor nature, then a slag-free diet is indicated. Vegetables and fruits, especially raw ones, are introduced into the diet gradually as intestinal health improves.

In case of hypomotor nature of intestinal dysfunction:

enrich the diet with fiber-rich foods:
- pumpkin,
- carrot,
- tomatoes,
- beet,
- cauliflower,
- zucchini;
exclude fatty foods and fried foods from the diet; select only those products that help normalize intestinal motility:
- yogurt,
- kefir,
- dairy products containing bifidobacteria;
- bread containing bran,
- vegetable oils.

When the movement of feces is slow, it is recommended to use laxatives. It is recommended to use herbal preparations, which include:

If coprostasis is in an advanced form, complete intestinal obstruction may occur. This problem happens not only with adult patients, but also in childhood.

When the patient presents early, from the moment of complete obstruction, conservative treatment is used. If the patient seeks help very late, and necrosis of the intestinal walls is already observed, the specialist will prescribe surgical intervention.

Coprostasis (constipation)

Reasons for the development of coprostasis

Lack of physical activity;

Poor, uniform diet (cereals or dry foods);

Aging of the body, slowdown of metabolic processes;

Weight loss due to helminthiasis;

Long-term abstinence from natural bowel movements.

Classification of coprostasis

4. Neurogenic constipation. Appears as a result of diseases of the nervous system: these include psychosis or depression of various types, anorexia nervosa, schizophrenia. Pathological changes in the activity of the mechanisms of the peripheral nervous system entail disruptions in the functioning of the intestinal tract.

Symptoms of coprostasis

Weakness of the body, fever;

Paleness, sallow skin color, dermatological problems, external signs of anemia;

Nausea, vomiting, heartburn, coating on the tongue;

Sharp or nagging pain in the abdomen, without specific localization.

Coprostasis in children

2. Lack of emptying, slight release of gases.

3. Vomiting with characteristic signs of intoxication.

Constipation during pregnancy

Endocrine status changes;

Compression of the intestines by the enlarging uterus increases;

Neurogenic factors appear due to hormonal changes;

The peristalsis of the smooth muscles of the colon worsens due to an increase in the concentration of progesterone.

Problems with bowel movements in old age

Diagnosis and treatment

Features of nutrition for coprostasis

If, with the joint efforts of the sphincters, abdominal muscles and pelvic floor, defecation does not occur, you will need to introduce fatty fish into the diet. Thanks to the presence of oils in its composition, you can achieve painless bowel movements without the need for increased muscle tension. Immediately after eating fish, the intestinal walls will become smoother, and feces will move towards the rectum.

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Coprostasis

ICD-10 code

Associated diseases

Symptoms

Causes

I. Alimentary coprostasis.

II. Mechanical coprostasis (organic lesions of the colon).

III. Neurogenic coprostasis (functional and organic diseases of the central nervous system).

IV. Toxic coprostasis (chronic intoxication, including drugs).

V. Coprostasis in endocrine pathology.

VI. Reflex coprostasis (for various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and pelvis).

When the dolichosigma is bent, as well as when the sigmoid and cecum are mobile, pain may occur in the right or left half of the abdomen with irradiation to the epigastrium or periumbilical region.

In diagnosis, the dominant role is played by x-ray examination of the large intestine, as well as colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy.

Clinical manifestations of idiopathic megacolon develop at different age stages, depending on the type of disease. Pediatric megacolon occurs in the first year of life. In addition to the characteristic coprostasis, fecal incontinence often develops. The rectum and sigmoid colon expand.

Coprostasis, which develops at an older age, is characteristic of the adult type of idiopathic megacolon. In addition, there is an expansion of the entire colon.

False, or constipative, diarrhea often occurs. Their appearance is associated with the release of a large amount of secretion from the irritated rectal mucosa, which dilutes the feces.

The main clinical manifestation of the disease is the absence of independent stool. After enemas, feces are released in the form of a plug. Hirschsprung's disease always progresses with age. Patients suffer from fecal intoxication. The only treatment is resection of the aganglionic area and part of the dilated area of the colon.

Coprostasis can develop in the presence of a mechanical obstacle to the passage of intestinal contents. The most common cause in the latter case is a tumor process of the large intestine.

With such incomplete intestinal obstruction, the size of the obstacle does not play a special role: even if it is negligible, a reflex spasm of the intestine can lead to complete obstruction of its lumen. Spasm of the intestinal wall can be caused by taking laxatives or a sharp contraction of the abdominal muscles when straining.

Characteristic of mechanical coprostasis in tumors of the colon is the development of constipative diarrhea. For diagnosis, the occult blood test and endoscopic methods for examining the colon are of greatest importance.

Coprostasis with intestinal dyskinesias. Intestinal dyskinesia is classified as a functional disease associated primarily with changes in the nervous regulation of the motor function of the colon. According to the type of motor disorders, dyskinesias are divided into hyper- and hypomotor, and according to the nature of their occurrence - into primary and secondary.

Primary dyskinesias develop under the influence of psychogenic factors. They are often accompanied by a general neuroticization of the personality, but in some cases, intestinal neurosis occurs in isolation, being the only symptom of instability in a stressful situation.

Like most neuroses, primary intestinal dyskinesia can develop after a single severe stress or as a result of prolonged exposure to a traumatic factor or situation.

Intestinal dyskinesia occurs in the age group from 20 to 50 years, it affects women more often (2-2.5 times).

In the hypermotor form (irritable bowel syndrome), the stool in patients is very hard, fragmented, and looks like dry small balls - the so-called sheep's stool.

As a rule, an objective examination cannot reveal any pathological changes in the composition of the stool. Constipation for some time may be replaced by diarrhea with a stool frequency of up to 3 times a day. Patients often complain of pain in the left iliac or periumbilical region, which intensifies after eating. By palpation, spasmodic, painful areas of the intestine are determined.

Sometimes a rather rare form of intestinal dyskinesia develops - mucous colic. It is characterized by severe spasmodic pain in the abdomen in combination with the release of mucus in the form of films through the anus.

With hypomotor dyskinesia, independent defecation is significantly difficult, but the stool can be large, also without pathological impurities. Usually there is a decrease in the tone of the entire large intestine.

Intestinal dyskinesia in people prone to neurotic reactions occurs in waves, and exacerbations usually coincide in time with exposure to a traumatic factor.

Clinical manifestations of coprostasis during colon dyskinesia are quite characteristic and differ little from coprostasis of other etiologies. A prolonged absence of spontaneous defecation leads to a feeling of distension and fullness in the abdomen, turning into a dull pain; patients note an empty urge to stool, sometimes with the passage of scanty, dense feces without complete relief.

Patients may present complaints of a very different nature associated with reflex effects emanating from the intestines, including weakness, increased fatigue, insomnia, decreased performance, unpleasant taste in the mouth, and bloating.

Various autonomic dysfunctions and emotional lability may be observed. X-ray and endoscopic research methods play an important role in diagnosis.

In case of hypermotor dyskinesia, irrigoscopy or the method of double contrasting with a barium suspension reveals a spasmodic section of the intestine that looks like a cord, a deep segmented haustration, determined in the form of multiple constrictions. The passage of the contrast agent is accelerated and disordered.

Incomplete emptying of the sigmoid colon is noted.

With hypokinetic dyskinesia, in addition to a decrease in the tone of the intestine or its individual segments, smoothness of haustration and expansion of the intestinal cavity are determined.

Sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy for hypermotor dyskinesia reveals the presence of peristalsis, moist mucous membrane, and individual spasmodic areas of the intestine. With hypomotor dyskinesia, peristalsis is not visible, the mucous membrane is dry and dull, and the distal part of the intestine may be collapsed.

Despite the functional nature of the disease, prolonged constipation itself can lead to the development of various organic lesions of both the colon and other organs of the gastrointestinal tract.

When secondary colitis occurs, an admixture of mucus is noted in the stool; more often it is found on the surface of dry stool balls in the form of whitish threads.

Coprostasis can be complicated by the occurrence of various anorectal diseases - anal fissures, hemorrhoids, paraproctitis. The typical symptoms of constipation are then joined by signs of rectal bleeding, pain during defecation, and inflammatory changes in the perianal tissues.

Reflux of the contents of the large intestine into the small intestine during straining can lead to the colonization of the small intestine with microflora of the large intestine that is unusual for it. The effect of intestinal dysbiosis can be the development of acute or chronic enteritis, cholecystitis, cholangitis.

Coprostasis is characteristic of a number of stomach diseases - gastritis with normal and increased secretion, peptic ulcer. It often accompanies chronic cholecystitis, both calculous and acalculous. Obstipation develops in every fifth patient with chronic enteritis and in every second patient with chronic colitis.

Reflex effects on the colon from the pelvic organs during urolithiasis, appendicitis, chronic salpingoophoritis and endometritis also lead to the development of intestinal dyskinesia and coprostasis.

Particular consideration is given to proctogenic dyskinesias in patients with pathology of the anorectal region (proctitis, paraproctitis, sphincteritis, hemorrhoids, anal fissures). Coprostasis with this type of dyskinesia occurs both due to inflammatory changes in the rectum and anus, and in connection with a reflex spasm of the internal and external sphincters.

Constipation is enhanced by the conscious volitional effort of patients to prevent defecation, which they try to avoid due to severe pain.

Treatment

Cold food promotes bowel movements. Adding wheat bran to the diet, which is doused with boiling water and consumed in pure form or added to liquid dishes (in the first two weeks, 1 liter 3 times a day, then 1-2 liters 3 times a day, followed by reducing the dose to 1 .5 liters 3 times a day), can significantly facilitate bowel movements. They should be taken for at least 6 weeks. For hypomotor dyskinesias, vegetable and animal oils (sunflower, corn, olive, butter, etc.) can be prescribed.

As the intestinal motor function improves, vegetables are gradually introduced, first boiled and then raw, as well as juices. Wheat bran should be used with caution and in minimal doses, which can cause flatulence and colic-like abdominal pain in such patients. You need to start by taking 1 liter. In the morning.

Drug treatment of colon dyskinesias is used as a last resort. For hypermotor dyskinesia the following is prescribed:

Antispasmodics of various groups (including anticholinergics, as well as adrenergic agonists, ganglion blockers);

Local therapy in the form of oil microenemas, antispasmodic suppositories.

For hypomotor dyskinesia the following are indicated:

Drugs of different groups that enhance intestinal motility (motilium, cisapride, debradate, coordinax);

Choleretic drugs (allochol, festal) and enzyme agents;

Potassium chloride in combination with vitamin B1;

Anticholinesterase drugs (proserin, galantamine).

The use of laxatives should be avoided; in case of hypermotor dyskinesia, they are completely contraindicated.

The main sign of the development of such a disease is the inability to empty the intestines independently. In addition, pain occurs and a person’s general condition deteriorates.

Etiology

There are quite a few factors that can trigger the development of this pathology.

However, most often this occurs due to various diseases, namely:

(IBS);
dysbacteriosis;
pathological enlargement of some parts of the intestine;
the development of inflammation or the presence of infections in the intestines;
disruptions in the gastrointestinal tract.

In addition to these diseases, there are other pathologies that can provoke intestinal obstruction, namely:

diabetes;
violation of metabolic processes;
hemorrhoids of various locations;
heart diseases;
intoxication of the body.

Coprostasis (constipation) can occur in anyone, and older people are no exception.

In this case, the reasons are:

the aging process of the body;
numerous chronic pathologies.

The causes of this condition in children may be:

allergies to certain foods;
congenital diseases;
lactose intolerance;
rickets;
poor nutrition;
stress related to family, kindergarten or school.

A hereditary predisposition cannot be ruled out either. Experts have noted that the female half of the population more often suffers from this condition, especially during pregnancy.

Classification

The disease can occur in two forms - acute and chronic.

In addition, in medicine there are several types of coprostasis, depending on the reasons for its occurrence:

functional;
organic;
allergic;
hypodynamic;
medicinal;
toxic;
nutritional;
neurogenic;
mechanical;
intoxication;
proctogenic;
endocrine.

There is also an idiopathic type of coprostasis, but it is currently impossible to establish the true causes of its occurrence.

Symptoms

This pathology has specific symptoms, so a qualified doctor will make the correct diagnosis without any problems.

The most obvious signs of this condition are as follows:

rare urge to have a bowel movement;
change in the consistency of stool;
strong efforts during bowel movements;
feeling of heaviness in the intestines;
nausea and vomiting;
cardiopalmus;
refusal to eat;
insomnia;
pain in the abdominal cavity;
pale skin.

Any of these signs can appear in both adults and children, only in them the manifestation of symptoms will not be so obvious.

Diagnostics

Usually the doctor makes the correct diagnosis without any problems, however, establishing the cause of this condition is more difficult.

Therefore, various sets of diagnostic procedures will be used, as well as:

the doctor studies the person’s previous illnesses;
anamnesis is collected;
the specialist palpates the anterior wall of the abdominal cavity;
conducts a digital examination of the rectum.

In addition, hardware and laboratory tests are carried out, namely:

blood and urine tests;
coprography;
polymerase chain reaction test;
ultrasonography of the gastrointestinal tract;
MRI, CT;
biopsy;
colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy;
gastroscopy.

However, in some situations, the results of these examinations cannot determine the true cause, so consultation with other specialists is required.

Treatment

Once the diagnosis of coprostasis is made, treatment begins, which includes the following methods:

It is recommended to follow a diet that is individual for each patient;
medications are prescribed for oral administration, as well as rectal laxative suppositories;
cleansing enemas;
massotherapy;
special gymnastic exercises;
traditional medicine recipes, but only with the permission of the attending physician.

Prevention

Coprostasis can be prevented by following some rules of prevention:

rejection of bad habits;
do not overwork the body physically and emotionally;
balance your diet;
take medications prescribed by a doctor;
carry out timely treatment of all emerging pathologies;
Conduct a preventive examination of the body once a year.

By following these preventive measures, you can avoid the appearance, however, be careful, since coprostasis has a predisposition to relapse.

Similar materials

Constipation is a serious pathology in the digestive system. Its appearance may mean that dangerous changes have appeared in the body in the gastrointestinal tract and internal organs.

Many people underestimate the danger of this condition, which leads to serious consequences. To avoid complications, it is necessary to define constipation, study the causes and identify the main ways to combat discomfort.

What is constipation?

Constipation is a pathology manifested by delayed bowel movements for more than 24 hours. The ICD 10 code for this condition is K59.0. Normally, a person should have bowel movements one to three times a day. In some cases, bowel movements three times a week are considered normal. Everything is determined individually, taking into account the patient’s age, gender and the presence of concomitant diseases.

The feeling of incomplete bowel movements is also one of the signs of constipation. A person can go to the toilet several times a day, but the mass of feces released is less than 40 grams. The patient has to make efforts to get rid of the intestinal contents. In some cases, the feces become so hard that professional help is required.

In medicine, constipation is known by various names. The most common names are: coprostasis, constipation and obstipation. They indicate problems with bowel movements, but at the same time convey different shades of the patient's condition.

Coprostasis. This term refers to the accumulation of feces in the lumen of the rectum. The patient complains of general weakness, discomfort and heaviness in the abdomen and nausea. Upon palpation, areas with compactions where fecal conglomerates are located are determined.
Constipation. A condition in which no bowel movements are observed for more than 48 hours. It is also possible to pass hard feces, which requires a lot of effort and constant tension from the person. Accompanied by a feeling of discomfort and severe pain in the rectal area.
Obstipation. It is considered the most severe form of defecation retention. In such cases, fecal conglomerates become too dense, so independent bowel movement is difficult. Patients are forced to help themselves mechanically, and their condition worsens greatly.

With chronic constipation, patients complain of headaches, increased fatigue and weakness. Sleep disturbance is also possible, as the person is bothered by intestinal spasms. Such changes are explained by general intoxication of the body, as well as impaired absorption of nutrients.

Photo

What causes stool retention?

The causes of constipation can be completely different. In some cases, they are triggered by diets low in fiber in the diet. In other situations, with their occurrence, one or another gastrointestinal tract disease or anal disease may have begun.

Sometimes the pathology is caused by problems in the functioning of the nervous system or psyche, when, against a background of stress, a person tries to set internal restrictions for himself in everything. Some medications can also lead to difficulties with bowel movements, most often antibiotics and drugs for the treatment of the gastrointestinal tract.

Why can diarrhea and absence of bowel movements alternate?

In some cases, patients complain of constant alternation of constipation and diarrhea. Such problems arise from uncontrolled use of antibiotics. Some sufferers try to overcome constipation with laxatives, which leads to negative consequences. Without additional stimulation, the intestines refuse to work, and constipation appears. After taking a laxative, a person experiences diarrhea, which quickly stops.

After operations

After surgery on the intestines or gastrointestinal tract, problems with bowel movements often occur. During surgery, especially on the intestines, tissues are separated and then stitched back together. The result of this may be the formation of adhesions, as well as areas of acute inflammation. The resulting adhesions do not allow the feces to pass further, stagnation forms - and, as a result, constipation.

After removal of the gallbladder, its functions are partially taken over by the liver ducts. However, recovery takes time, and intestinal motility worsens in the postoperative period. Due to a lack of bile, intestinal patency is impaired already in the duodenum. Vomiting of undigested food occurs, and patients complain of a lack of bowel movements.

For diseases

Constipation often accompanies diseases such as dyskinesia of the large intestine, depression, hemorrhoids and endocrine pathologies. When the size and structure of the intestine changes, mechanical stagnation of feces occurs, which causes discomfort. Depression and neuroses block the centers responsible for normal bowel movements.

With hemorrhoids, internal or external nodes appear that narrow the lumen of the rectum. In such cases, each act of defecation brings painful sensations in the butt, which the person tries to avoid at all costs. Holding back the urge causes the stool to harden, making the process even more painful.

The endocrine system controls the functioning of many internal organs. Due to disturbances in the functioning of the thyroid or pancreas, digestive problems arise. Food is retained in the intestines, putrefactive processes occur or fermentation begins, and feces do not move further. After proper treatment of the underlying disease, normal bowel movements are restored.

For pancreatitis

Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas, which is accompanied by severe pain and discomfort. In acute pancreatitis, the production of enzymes is disrupted, causing intestinal dyskinesia to develop. Food does not move well, which can even cause intestinal obstruction. Patients complain that they are tormented by severe pain in the pancreas and along the intestines. Abdominal bloating occurs and weakness appears.

Who is at risk?

Constipation can occur in anyone, regardless of their age, gender and type of activity. However, there are certain categories of people who are more susceptible to this pathology than others.

By gender

If we consider coprostasis through the prism of gender, then women are more likely to encounter this pathology. The reason lies in the structural features of the female body, and in increased susceptibility to changes in environmental conditions.

By age

The likelihood of developing a delicate pathology may also depend on age. Young children experience constipation more often than adults. Also, problems with defecation constantly overtake the elderly due to age-related changes.

How many days are allowed?

Normally, a baby should cleanse the intestines approximately 7-10 times a day. If stool is observed only once, mommy should take immediate action. It is recommended to review the composition of feeding formulas, limit complementary feeding for a time, and ideally, consult a pediatrician. If the child has already left infancy, and there is no bowel movement for one and a half to two days, urgent measures must be taken.

In adults, bowel movements should occur one to three times a day. For some individuals, it is normal to have a bowel movement every few days. Because of this, it is difficult to give specific recommendations, but most often the absence of stool for two to three days should alert you. In such cases, laxatives are taken, but it is advisable to do an enema.

Classification of constipation

There are different classifications of constipation. They can be primary or chronic. However, most often they are divided according to the causative factor:

Psychosomatics of intestinal problems

If a thorough examination fails to find the cause of a malfunction in the intestines, psychosomatics may be the culprit for the discomfort. Many people get used to relieving themselves in their toilet, where they feel comfortable.

In public toilets, defecation does not occur, which, if repeated constantly, provokes chronic constipation. Also, problems with bowel movements develop against the background of nervous strain, stress or severe psychological trauma. To correct the situation, you need to work with a psychologist and psychotherapist, as well as defeat your own habits.

Complex treatment

Treatment of constipation should be comprehensive. The specialist determines the cause of the disease, after which the battle with the problem begins. Most often, patients are offered the following treatment options:

Special diet.
Use of a laxative.
Enemas.
Increased physical activity.
Physiotherapy.
Self-massage.
Elimination of the causes of pathology.

Attention! A specific treatment regimen should be selected by a specialist based on the examination results. Trying to overcome chronic constipation on your own can lead to complications.

How to soften stool?

As an emergency aid if you are unable to have a bowel movement The following measures can be used:

Drinking plenty of clean drinking water.
Diet correction.
Taking laxatives.
Use of bran in the diet.
Enema.
Taking a small amount of oil.

For quick results, you can drink a tablespoon of olive oil. It will soften the stool and facilitate its passage through the intestines. However, a more effective way is considered to be a reasonable diet.

A diet for constipation involves increasing fiber in the diet. Eating a large amount of vegetables is considered mandatory. Baked goods, potatoes and other starchy foods are strictly prohibited.

Good results are obtained when cooking beets and other vegetables with a laxative effect. It is also worth adding whole grains, bran or pure fiber to your usual menu. The consumption of fermented milk products is considered mandatory, but fresh milk can cause digestive problems.

How to go to the toilet correctly?

If you have not had a bowel movement for a long time, you can drink a glass of kefir with the addition of a tablespoon of bran. Such a simple remedy will not cause diarrhea, but will achieve the desired result. Dried fruits, which should be soaked in warm water, have a similar effect.

When such measures do not help, an enema has to be used. However, enemas should not be abused, just like laxatives, because addiction develops.

Effective prevention

Prevention of constipation is quite simple and accessible to everyone. To avoid digestive problems, you must:

Increase fiber content in your diet.
Move more.
Drink at least 1.5 liters of clean water per day.
Treat chronic diseases in a timely manner.
Take sedatives during stressful situations.

If a person moves a lot and eats right, the likelihood of constipation decreases sharply.

Harm to the body and possible consequences

Although seemingly harmless, constipation can have very serious consequences. If you neglect this disease, you will then have to face changes in the functioning of the whole body.

Complications:

General intoxication of the body.
Decreased immunity.
Deterioration of skin and hair condition.
Depression and neuroses.
Hemorrhoids and anal fissures.
Intestinal obstruction.

Sometimes constipation indicates the presence of a neoplasm in the intestines. Without timely treatment, it can even lead to the death of the patient. Because of this, if you have regular constipation, you should visit a specialist, get examined, and not conduct dangerous experiments on your health.